جاویدان خرد

جاویدان خرد

استدلال برآمده از کژنمایی و استدلال برآمده از توهّم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
دانش آموخته فلسفه غرب، مؤسسه پژوهشی حکمت و فلسفه ایران. تهران. ایران.
چکیده
استدلال برآمده از کژنمایی و استدلال برآمده از توهّم بی‌واسطه‌گی تجربۀ ادراک بصری را رد می‌کنند. اگرچه استدلال نخست شامل دو مقدّمۀ مناقشه‌برانگیز است (اصل پدیداری و فرض نوع مشترک)، استدلال دوم تنها شامل فرض نوع مشترک است. نشان می‌دهم که این دو استدلال، علاوه بر مقدّمات متفاوت، ناظر بر دو موضوع متفاوت هستند. استدلال برآمده از کژنمایی ناظر بر عین تجربۀ ادراکی است، در حالی که استدلال برآمده از توهّم ناظر بر چیستی تجربۀ ادراکی است. بر این اساس، دو معنا را از بی‌واسطه‌گی تجربۀ ادراک بصری پیشنهاد می‌دهم. بنا به معنای اول، تجربه‌ بی‌واسطه است، اگر آنچه تجربه دربارۀ آن است، خود جهان خارج باشد. اما بنا به معنای دوم، تجربه‌ بی‌واسطه است، اگر خود جهان خارج، نه واسطه یا بازنمودی از آن، تجربه را قوام دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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